中考英语：搞定丢分率超高的定语从句(3)

　　1.4 关系代词 that/which 的用法

　　A．在限定性定语从句中，which和that在代替物时，一般可以通用。

　　B．在非限定性定语从句中，只宜用which，不能用that。

　　C．在限定性定语从句中，只宜用that，而不宜用which的情况。

　　（1）先行词是形容词最高级或者先行词的前面有形容词最高级修饰时，只宜用that。

　　【例1】This is the most interesting book (that) I have ever read.

　　解析：这是小猿读过最有趣的书了。先行词book被形容词最高级the most interesting修饰，且为物，所以引导词宜用that，而不用which。

　　（2）先行词是序数词或先行词的前面有序数词修饰时，只宜用that。

　　【例1】The first thing that I am going to do this evening is to learn English.

　　解析：小猿今晚要做的第一件事就是学习英语，你是不是也有这个打算呢。先行词thing被序数词the first修饰，且为物，所以引导词宜用that，而不用which。

　　（3）主句中已有疑问词who或which时，而其后又有一个定语从句修饰，这时关系代词必须要用that。

　　【例1】Who is the man that is talking to your parents?

　　解析：那个和你父母说话的人是谁？主句中已有疑问词who，先行词the man被定语从句修饰，所以引导词宜用that，而不用which。

　　【例2】Which is the bike that you lost?

　　解析：哪辆自行车是你丢失的？主句中已有疑问词which，先行词the bike被定语从句修饰，所以引导词宜用that，而不用which。

　　（4）先行词既有人又有物，只宜用that。

　　【例1】The bike and its rider that had run over an old man were taken to the police station.

　　解析：把老人撞倒的那个车主以及他的自行车都被带到了警察局。先行词the bike and its rider既有人又有物，所以引导词宜用that，而不用which。

　　（5）先行词是all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, the one等代词时，宜用that。

　　【例1】You should hand in all that you have.

　　你应该上交你拥有的一切。

　　【例2】We haven’t got much that we can offer you.

　　我们提供不了那么多。

　　【例3】The book is the one that I bought yesterday.

　　这本书是小猿昨天买的。

　　（6）先行词前面有only, any, few, little, no, all, one of, the same, the very等词修饰时，只宜用that。

　　【例1】Li Ming is the only one that got full marks in our class.

　　解析：李明是我们班唯一一个考了满分的学生。先行词one被only修饰，所以引导词应用that。

　　【例2】Li Ming is one of the students that want to be teachers in our class.

　　李明是我们班想当老师的学生之一。先行词the students被one of修饰，所以引导词应用that。

　　（7）有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用which，另外一个只宜用that。

　　【例1】Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.

　　解析：爱迪生建立了一个生产前所未见的东西的工厂。我们可以把这句话拆成两个定语从句Edison built up a factory which produced things以及things that had never been seen before，前面那个定语从句的关系代词是which，后一个从句的关系代词只宜用that。

　　D．在限定性定语从句中，关系代词前有介词时，只宜用which，而不用that。

　　【例1】This is the school in which I will study. = This is the school (which/that) I will study in.

　　解析：这就是小猿将要就读的学校。关系代词前有介词in，所以引导词宜用which，而不用that。

　　 2023中考一路陪伴同行，百万名校真题直接下载！>>点击查看